Synonyms And Synonyms
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| Synonyms And Synonyms |
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart whose original name Johannes John Chrysostom Wolfgangus Gottlieb Mozart (born in Salzburg, January 27, 1756 - died in Vienna, Austria, December 5, 1791 at age 35 years) was a composer. He is regarded as one of the composers of European classical music's most important and most famous in history. His works (about 700 songs) including the spin-spin-widely recognized as the pinnacle work of symphonic music, chamber music, piano music, music opera, and choral music. Examples of his work is the opera Don Giovanni and Die Zauberflöte. Many of the works of Mozart regarded as the standard repertoire of classical and concert music recognized as masterpieces of classical antiquity. His works are sorted in the catalog Köchel-Verzeichnis.
Early Period (1756-1772)
Mozart, who is known to have an absolute tuning capabilities (to know exactly the tone without the aid of equipment), know the music from birth. His father, Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was an important composer of his day, one of his most important is Kindersinfonie ("Children's Symphony"). Wolfgang was the youngest of seven children who died prematurely. Only he and Maria Anna Mozart ("Nannerl") who survive to adulthood. During a four-year-old, Mozart was able to play the harpsichord and improvise on musical works of his predecessors. He even wrote the first compositions at the age of five years. His works include the Violin Sonata, and a few minuet. Leopold collected all these compositions without the knowledge of his son. So it is with Nannerl, he also is a keyboard player who is very reliable. Leopold who discovered her talent both felt "compelled" to showcase them to all of Europe.
Playing the piano in front of the King of Bavaria
Mozart was now taken to playing the piano in front of the king of Bavaria in Munich. In September 1762, Leopold took a sabbatical from his position to promote his son to kings. They then went to Vienna. There Mozart playing the piano in front of Queen Maria Theresa who dazzled the game of skills and Nannerl Mozart. After this concert, Mozart must follow a fairly long concert for three years of Paris (1763, 1765) and London (1764-1765). In those places, Mozart held a concert in front of kings and also tested by them. Among others with improvise on themes that are given by the examiner with his eyes closed a piece of cloth. Welcomed as a child prodigy Mozart in all places. In London, he also met with the son of Johann Sebastian Bach, Johann Christian Bach is often called as Home Bach. Mozart's piano sonatas in four hands in his lap while seated Bach.
Symphony-a symphony of Bach and Carl Friedrich Abel affect the symphony's first-Mozart symphonies (K.16 & K.19), which in 1764 & 1765. In 1767, Mozart composed several piano sonatas from the composer-komonis other and make it into four pieces first piano concerto (K.37, K.39, K.40, K.41). In 1768, at the request of the Emperor of Vienna, Mozart composed the opera buffa (comic opera), La Finta Semplice (but not terpentaskan) and operetta Bastien und Bastienne.
Travel to Italy
In 1769, Mozart traveled to Italy. The result of this trip is quite good, very productive in the creation of Mozart's compositions. He composed the opera Mitridati, re at Ponto (1770) and Lucia Silla (1772) and both received great success in her show in Milan. Mozart symphony also creates a lot during this trip, and influenced the composers-Italian composers such as Sammartini. In Bologna, Mozart also learned Kontrapung on the most famous composition teacher at the time, Padre Martini.
Salzburg Period (1773-1780)
Before returning from Italy, Mozart lived with his father for ten weeks in Vienna, Leopold Mozart did not want to go back and work a "handyman" music is not very appreciated in Salzburg. Leopold tried to get a job for his son in Vienna, but to no avail. Actually, the act Leopold flaunt her children to all of Europe not so favored by the Emperor of Austria.
Maestro chapel of the Archbishop of Salzburg
In Vienna, Mozart heard the works of Joseph Haydn's latest and he was also friends with Michael Haydn (1737-1806), brother of Joseph Haydn. One of the important work of this period is K.183, Symphony No. 25 in G Minor (1773) and K. 201, Symphony in A Major (1774). At the same time in Salzburg, Bishop Segismundo died and was replaced by Hieronymous von Colloredo authoritarian and energetic. Upon his return from Italy, Mozart served as Maestro chapel in Salzburg.
Archbishop Colloredo that was not too interested in music, making Mozart was upset mainly because of his Mozart is often underestimated. To forget the feeling of resentment at Colloredo, Mozart became quite diligent work, he put his ability to the creation of various compositions. In the birthday-21, the number of compositions have reached three hundred pieces. Mozart in 1777 resigned from his post as Maestro and she began her career as a freelance musician in Vienna. The works of importance from 1775-1777, including sonata-piano sonatas of the first, five Violin Concerto, and a Piano Concerto, the opera La jardinera gingida including works by the first glory in Eb Major K.271.
The long journey to Paris
Mozart family are planning to go and a career in Paris. But Leopold is still bound by contract with the Chapel of the Archbishop of Salzburg unable to go so that Mozart went accompanied by her mother. They departed in September 1777, and the journey takes 16 months. Prior to Paris, they stopped and settled for some time in Munich and Mannheim. In Mannheim, Mozart befriended composer Cannabich and Holzbauer. He tried to get a job there through Prince Mannheim but to no avail. The main reason Mozart lived longer in Mannheim is because he met and fell in love with Aloysia Weber, a 16-year-old soprano. Leopold who knows this to write a letter saying that Mozart must decide their own choice, if she would only be a 'street artist who will be forgotten over time or become a famous musician, loved and written in books'.
Mozart also found the composition of 6 duetti a Clavicembalo e Violino from Joseph Schuster and sent to Nannerl. He wrote a letter to his father's 'If I stay here, I also will make six pieces in the same style because they just sold here'
Although disappointed (and also because of his love for Aloysia rejected), Mozart went to Paris perjalananya. In Paris, Mozart began working with tutor-private lessons, and create songs that suit the tastes of French. Mozart had a chance to perform his work by Concert Spirituel. One of the most important thing is K.297, Symphony No. 31 'Paris'. However, after this performance, shortly Mozart's mother fell ill with high fever and died on July 3, 1778. Mozart's in Paris, a nobleman named Grimm wrote a letter to Leopold that there is no future for Mozart in Paris, mainly because of the controversy between supporters of Gluck and supporters of Italian opera that Mozart did not note.
Leopold then managed to get the organist position at the Palace of Salzburg with a higher salary than the previous position. Before departing from Paris, Mozart met again with JC Bach was staged opera. Notable works in addition to the symphony 'Paris' is a Violin Sonata K.304 Violin Sonata included in E Minor, K. 299, Concerto for Flute and Harp in C major, and K.310, Sonata in A Minor, one of Mozart's sonatas that have a dark atmosphere because it was created to Mozart for his mother who died.
His return to Salzburg
Mannheim Mozart's home through the famous Mannheim orchestra but had moved to Munich. Mozart then went to Munich and spent time with Weber family. Here, Mozart had a broken heart because Aloysia obtain a position as soprano and ignoring the existence of Mozart.
Leopold became upset over delay Mozart and his less responsible for an important position. He worried that organic position was given to others.
Mozart returned to Salzburg and he immediately got a position as organist there. His job, among others, played the organ at the cathedral, palaces, and palace chapel, composing a song order, and teach children choir.
In 1779 and 1780 lasted without much incident. The works of importance in this period included K. 364, Sinfonia Concertante in Eb, Symphony no. 32-34, a concerto, serenade, divertimento, ecclesiastical music, including K. 317, Coronation Missa and K. 339, Vesparae.
Munich period (1781-1784)
Mozart, despite getting an important position as organist still can not get along with Colloredo. In the summer of 1780, Mozart's opera Idomeneo orders. Mozart saw this opportunity as a chance to break away from Colloredo slowly.
Show Idomeneo was a success and was warmly welcomed by the public. Mozart family then went to Ausburg to attend the celebration of carnival and traditional feast in the city. But unexpectedly, Colloredo was also present at the party. He forced Mozart to go to Vienna with his entourage and attended the coronation of
Emperor Joseph II.
In Vienna Mozart treated disrespectfully as to lead to the argument with Colloredo. On May 9, 1781, Mozart had a big fight with Colloredo and ask him dismissed, but was rejected. One month later, Mozart dishonorably discharged. He moved home to the Weber family in Vienna. He did not return to Salzburg.
Aloysia Weber had married an actor, but captivated by Constanze Weber Mozart, Weber family's third child. His father did not approve of Mozart's. To ease the tension, Mozart moved to his own house in September 1781. On December 15, 1781, admitted its relationship with Constanze Mozart. Leopold still do not approve of the relationship.
Actually, Mozart could not escape because the mother Konstanze threatened when their relationship broke up, Mozart must change the compensation money that has been issued.
Mozart Marriage
On August 4, 1782 Mozart married Constanze in the cathedral St. Stephen. The next day, got a letter from Leopold Mozart whose contents condone their relationship even though the letter was a cold tone. Mozart Marriage quite happy even though they pretty much deal with life's challenges. Mozart was always a crisis of money but he never lived in poverty, and of his six children, only two were alive.
Mozart make a living by teaching three or four students a rich and play konsert-konsert in manor house in Vienna. In December 1781, Mozart performed at the Imperial Palace in an informal pelombaan with Muzio Clementi. They both make improvised individually and jointly play a sonata. Although Mozart is considered to win the race, but hopes to get a position at court is not satisfied.
On July 16, 1782, Mozart conducted the opera Die aus dem Serail entfuhrung. Opera is get applause from the public. Emperor Joseph II tells Mozart that opera tesebut have "a lot of tone" and Mozart replied "the number is exactly the right tone, Your Majesty." Even Gluck request was repeated opera performances.
In the same year, he often played regularly in house Prince Gottfried von Swieten. Swieten who are interested in Baroque music was influenced Mozart in the making of the composition. Mozart develop kontrapung styles in his music.
In 1784, Mozart became a member of the Freemasons, a union that supports the idea of brotherhood under God. Thanks to this union Mozart can borrow money at the time he needed.
Last period (1784-1791)
Mozart's career peak in the period 1784-1786 there. Mozart compose very diligent. He made twelve Concerto and the musicologist regarded as his most important. Although the Emperor Joseph II participated hear Mozart concert, it did not help finances. Mozart had been named as court musician to the salary that was not too big.
Performances in Prague
Le Nozze of Figaro ("Marriage Figaro") was first staged in Vienna in 1786 and achieve success so that Mozart took him to Prague (Czech capital) with greater success.
Mozart composed several works again, among others, K. 505, Symphony No. 38 in D Major 'Prague'. Thanks kesuksean at Le Nozze Figaro, Mozart eager to create new operas including Don Giovanni, a comic opera. Mozart for the first use of trombone in the opera, it is this which resulted in a pretty dramatic effect. In 1787, Leopold died and quite influenced by Mozart.
Last symphony Mozart-Symphony
Mozart-Symphony last symphony, Symphony No. 39, 40, and 41 'Jupiter' is not known for certain whether they were staged before Mozart died or not. In the spring of 1789, Mozart went to Berlin appeared as pianist in front of the Prince of Saxony in Dresden, he also played the organ at the Thomaskirche in Leipzig. He also played a private concert in front of Friedrich Wilhelm II, on his visit to Potsdam and Berlin. Wilhelm II asked him to make six piano quartets and six piano sonatas, which unfortunately did not get resolved by Mozart.
Back to Vienna and Mozart's end of life
Back to Vienna, Mozart staged operas, Die Zauberflote (Magic Flute "). Opera is a huge success, its libretto was written by Emanuel Schikaneder (1751-1812). After completion of this opera, Mozart received an order from Prince Franz von Walsegg to make a Requiem which intends to make such compositions as his work in memory of his dead wife. Mozart did not get to finish this great work and continued by his pupil, Franz Xaver Süssmayr. According to some sources, was unable to sing Mozart's Lacrimosa as part of this song was playing with his friends. From his music is dark, Franz Beyer commented, the album Requiem 'I can hear the sounds of Mozart, who speaks for his own benefit, with an urgent situation, like a child who was sick and saw her mother with great hopes and fears of separation'. Mozart also experienced fear of death. On December 5, 1791, Mozart died, one in the morning.
Mozart died causal never recorded clearly. The musicologist make some allegations of possible unknown why Mozart's grave is located.
1. Salieri poisoned Mozart, which is its rival. There are journals in Europe that says Salieri admit it before he died in his bed (1825), although there are other stories that oppose this.
2. At the funeral there is a snowstorm that Mozart family could not follow the funeral. This story was denied by the Vienna weather records.
3. Mozart's body was moved to another place because his family could not pay the cost of burial.
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